Papers, explained in our own words

1. Lipid Nanoparticles—From Liposomes to mRNA Vaccine Delivery, a Landscape of Research Diversity and Advancement

Rumiana Tenchov, Robert E. Bird, Allison E. Curtze, Qiongqiong Angela Zhou

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have become key delivery vehicles across pharmaceuticals, with renewed prominence as the delivery platform for COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. The field lacks a broad, quantitative landscape of LNP research across liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, cationic lipid–nucleic acid complexes, and newer architectures. This review provides an overview of LNP structures, properties, applications, and. LNP research is dominated by pharmaceutical applications. The fastest-growing research areas are pharmaceuticals, food and feed, and cosmetics. - The term “liposome” appears in ~147,000 documents from 2000–2020, versus.

2. Nasal Vaccination with Poly(β-amino ester)–Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) Hybrid Nanoparticles

Genada Sinani, Melike Sessevmez, M. Koray Gök, Saadet Özgümüş, Alper Okyar, H. Oya Alpar, Erdal Cevher

Mucosal vaccination can stimulate both mucosal and systemic immunity, but free protein antigens generally induce poor systemic immune responses and require adjuvants. There is a need for a safe, effective nasal vaccine carrier that improves antigen stability, uptake, and immunogenicity, especially for poorly immunogenic protein antigens. Particle properties: RG503 formulation: 234.77 ± 4.49 nm, PDI 0.15, zeta +13.8 ± 4.09 mV, EE 91.16 ± 2.92%. RG502 formulation: EE 84.60 ± 0.67%, zeta +20.1 ± 4.8 mV. Stable for 24 weeks at +4 °C. - Cytotoxicity:.

3. Liposomal Formulations in Clinical Use: An Updated Review

Liposomes are the first nano drug delivery systems successfully translated into clinical use, but many formulations still face limitations in biodistribution, toxicity, stability, and target selectivity. An updated review was needed to summarize liposome technologies, marketed clinical products, formulation aspects, and ongoing clinical trials. Doxil was the first FDA-approved PEGylated liposomal nano-drug in 1995. It has 80–100 nm vesicles, >90% doxorubicin encapsulation, clearance of 0.1 L/h vs 45 L/h for free drug, volume of distribution 4 L vs 254 L, and.

4. Activation of Antigen-Specific T Cell-Responses by Mannan-Decorated PLGA Nanoparticles

Samar Hamdy, Azita Haddadi, Anooshirvan Shayeqanpour, John Samuel, Afsaneh Lavasanifar

Mannosylation of vaccine formulations is a promising strategy to target antigens to the mannose receptor (MR) on dendritic cells (DCs), potentially improving antigen uptake, processing, and presentation. While PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) are established vaccine delivery vehicles, the effect of chemical conjugation of mannan (MN) to antigen-loaded PLGA-NPs on antigen-specific T-cell responses was not fully characterized. This study addresses whether. DC Uptake: - OVA/FITC-Mannan-NPs: 64% FITC⁺ cells vs. 58% for OVA/FITC-NPs; MFI 305 vs. 295. - Double-positive FITC⁺/CD11c⁺ cells: 55.1% (MN-decorated) vs. 50.4% (non-decorated). In Vitro T-Cell Activation: -.

5. Targeted PLGA nano- but not microparticles specifically deliver antigen to human dendritic cells via DC-SIGN in vitro

Luis J. Cruz, Paul J. Tacken, Remco Fokkink, Ben Joosten, Martien Cohen Stuart, Fernando Albericio, Ruurd Torensma, Carl G. Figdor

Antibody-mediated targeting of vaccine components to dendritic cells (DCs) enhances vaccine efficacy, but linking multiple antigens and immune modulators to a single antibody is limited. Slow-release PLGA particles conjugated to DC-specific antibodies could overcome this by delivering large antigen payloads and enabling co-encapsulation of adjuvants. However, it was unknown whether nano- or micrometer-sized PLGA particles are better suited for. Particle characterization: MPs ~2 µm, NPs ~200 nm; PEG-lipid coating reduced zeta potential; antigen encapsulation 78–91%; antibody conjugation ~20–30 µg/mg PLGA. - Antigen degradation kinetics: Encapsulated antigen.

6. Immunoenhancement effects of chitosan-modified ginseng stem-leaf saponins-encapsulated cubosomes as an adjuvant

Qiu T, Gu P, Wusiman A, Ni H, Xu S, Zhang Y, Zhu T, He J, Liu Z, Hu Y, Liu J, Wang D

Conventional adjuvants such as aluminum and Freund’s adjuvants have limitations, including poor cell-mediated immunity and local toxicity. Ginseng stem-leaf saponins (GSLS) have immunomodulatory/adjuvant activity, but improved delivery systems are needed. Cubosomes are stable lipid cubic liquid crystalline nanoparticles with high membrane surface area, and chitosan modification can add positive charge and improve antigen delivery. Nanoparticle characterization: Cub-GSLS^CS showed Im3m nanostructure, ~205 nm size, positive zeta potential (+29.9 mV), GSLS encapsulation efficiency ~60–65%, and OVA encapsulation efficiency ~63%. Nanoparticles were.