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Recent Advances in Lipid Nanoparticles: Nucleic Acid Therapeutics and Targeting Strategies

S Sarmah, S Baidya, M DeDOI 10.1002/smll.202506812
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Summary

This review surveys lipid nanoparticle composition, ionisable lipid synthesis and strategies to target delivery of fragile RNA therapeutics while addressing tissue selectivity and immune activation.

Purpose: RNA therapeutics require carriers that protect their cargo and improve delivery to the intended tissue.
Approach: A review of lipid nanoparticle composition, nucleic acid applications and targeting approaches rather than a new experimental comparison.
Key findings: The review identifies tissue selectivity, payload capacity and immune activation as priorities in the development of LNPs for mRNA and siRNA delivery. Ionisable lipid chemistry and targeting mechanisms are discussed as design tools.
Interpretation: Precision delivery requires attention to both carrier composition and biological targeting.
Limitations: The review does not establish comparative clinical outcomes for the proposed strategies.
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