Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2022ReviewNon-viral Gene Delivery
Yingping Zeng, Sufen Li, Shufen Zhang, Li Wang, Hong Yuan, Fuqiang Hu
Cancer immunotherapy is limited by tumor heterogeneity, immune cell disability, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), and systemic immune toxicity. Cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (CMCNs) offer a biomimetic delivery strategy that inherits source-cell functions—immune evasion, tumor targeting, and biological compatibility—to precisely deliver immunotherapeutic drugs and enhance anti-cancer immunity. --- - Cancer vaccine response rates: clinical patient response to cancer vaccines remains relatively low at 11–50%; ICB inhibitors show ~80% effective rate in lymphoma but only 10–30% in solid tumors. - Sipuleucel-T (Provenge) extends overall survival by 4.1 months in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. - APMC vaccine (B16F10 cancer cell membrane-coated CpG/aluminum phosphate nanoparticles): increased DC maturation, enhanced cellular/humoral immunity, improved tumor prevention/treatment and longer mouse survival vs.
Read the article →Advanced Functional Materials2021ReviewNon-viral Gene Delivery
Zhaoting Li, Yixin Wang, Yingyue Ding, Lauren Repp, Glen S. Kwon, Quanyin Hu
Immunotherapy has limited response rates and systemic side effects, and synthetic drug delivery systems can be immunogenic and toxic. Cell-based delivery systems—using endogenous cells as natural carriers—offer low immunogenicity, low toxicity, improved biocompatibility, active tissue targeting, and the ability to cross biological barriers. This review surveys the design principles and immunotherapeutic applications of cell-based delivery systems for cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. --- - RBC hitchhiking: ~11.5% of drug-loaded nanoparticles carrying RBCs targeted the brain, 10× more efficient than traditional brain-targeting carriers. - Platelet-delivered aPDL1 (P-aPDL1): circulating half-life greatly increased vs free aPDL1; effectively prevented tumor recurrence and metastasis after surgery and prolonged survival in mice. - Neutrophil-carried PTX liposomes (PTX-CL/NEs): prolonged survival of glioma-bearing mice ev
Read the article →Exploration of Medicine2021ReviewNon-viral Gene Delivery
Sureshbabu Ram Kumar Pandian, Clayton Fernando Rencllin, Krishnan Sundar
Conventional cancer immunotherapies (checkpoint inhibitors, CAR T cells) are effective but expensive, cause adverse side effects, and face challenges in solid tumours. Nanomaterials offer advantages in delivery, diagnostics, and immune modulation, but a comprehensive understanding of how different nanomaterial types (organic, inorganic, cell membrane-based) can be integrated into cancer immunotherapy—and how their biodistribution and toxicity profiles affect clinical translation—remains needed. --- - Cationic liposomes with α-GalCer and TRP2: Enhanced IFN-γ secretion, cytotoxic T-cell activation, and reduced tumour survival; PEG-coating reduced cytotoxicity. - PLGA nanoparticles with TLR ligands and antigen: Improved antibody and T-cell responses compared to soluble antigen plus adjuvants, resembling live viral vaccine immunogenicity. - Pyruvate dehydrogenase E2 nanoparticles with CpG and gp100: 1.5-fold increase in CD8+ T cells and 5-f
Read the article →Theranostics2017ReviewNon-viral Gene Delivery
Chao Wang, Wujin Sun, Yanqi Ye, Hunter N. Bomba, Zhen Gu
Immune cell/organ therapies based on manipulation, infusion, and implantation of autologous or allogeneic cells/organs are costly, time-consuming, and sometimes limited in clinical effectiveness. Biomimetic materials and strategies offer an alternative by enabling artificial immune cells and lymphoid organs that are ready-to-use and scalable for immunotherapy. --- - PLGA aAPCs with anti-CD3, anti-CD28, pMHC, and encapsulated IL-2 showed stable ligand presentation for ~20 days, significant IFN-γ secretion, and 45-fold T cell expansion; 6–10 μm particles were most effective. - Ellipsoidal PLGA aAPCs were more efficient than spherical particles; nanoellipsoidal aAPCs stimulated stronger in vivo immune responses at reduced protein dose and showed enhanced pharmacokinetics. - Filamentous anti-CD3 polymers induced more robust T cell responses than PLGA microparticles due to structural flexibility and multivalency. - Magnetic nano-aAPCs with a
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