Every entry summarises what the study set out to test, what it found and why it changes how we design delivery systems. Browse research and reviews or search the collection.
586 articles
Showing 145–168 of 269 articles
Fam Sy, Chee Cf, Yong Cy, Ho Kl, Mariatulqabtiah Ar, Tan Ws.
Nanoparticles (NPs) interact extensively with plasma proteins after intravenous administration and are rapidly cleared by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) or complement system, causing premature drug release at off-target sites. A stealth coating layer can improve blood circulation half-life by escaping immune…
Read the articleKaren Bulaklak And Charles A. Gersbach
Gene therapy is at an inflection point: recent approvals and clinical successes have validated the field, but broader application is still limited by immune responses to vectors, inefficient delivery outside the retina and liver, and regulatory frameworks that are poorly suited to personalised, potentially curative…
Read the articleGuevara Ml, Persano F, Persano S
mRNA is a flexible and potentially safer cancer immunotherapy platform, but its clinical use has been limited by extracellular instability, poor cellular uptake, and inefficient endosomal escape. Lipid nanoparticles have become the most advanced non-viral delivery system for mRNA, enabling therapeutic vaccines…
Read the articleFrancia V, Schiffelers Rm, Cullis Pr, Witzigmann D
LNPs are clinically advanced vectors for siRNA, mRNA, and DNA delivery, but their in vivo behaviour is strongly influenced by the biological environment. Upon administration, biomolecules adsorb to the LNP surface and form a “biomolecular corona,” which defines the particle’s biological identity, affects stability…
Read the articleLiu C, Zhang L, Dong N, Zhang W, Chen X, Gao R, Sun H.
Cationic liposomes (CLs) are promising non-viral gene-delivery vectors, but their clinical use in cancer gene therapy is limited by extracellular barriers (opsonisation, RES clearance, poor tumour penetration) and intracellular barriers (endosomal/lysosomal entrapment, restricted cytoplasmic/nuclear transport). The…
Read the articleNina Filipczak, Jiayi Pan, Satya Siva Kishan Yalamarty, Vladimir P. Torchilin
Liposomes remain an important nano-sized drug delivery system because of their biomimetic bilayer, ease of preparation, and biocompatibility, but clinical translation is still limited by reproducibility, scale-up, stability, and payload-specific barriers. The review updates recent advances in liposome preparation…
Read the articleChen, C.-K.; Huang, P.-K.; Law, W.-C.; Chu, C.-H.; Chen, N.-T.; Lo, L.-W
Gene therapy is limited by the fragile nature of therapeutic DNA/RNA and by safety concerns with viral vectors. Non-viral polymeric vectors are attractive, but conventional cationic polymers such as PEI, PDMAEMA, and PLL are often non-degradable, causing accumulation, cytotoxicity, and poor gene unpacking. This…
Read the articleKarlsson, J.; Rhodes, K. R.; Green, J. J.; Tzeng, S. Y
Non-viral gene delivery needs safe and efficient carriers. PBAEs are biodegradable cationic polymers with promising transfection activity, but they face challenges such as instability in physiological fluids, positive-charge toxicity, and limited systemic delivery. This review summarises PBAE properties, advantages…
Read the articleWahane A, Waghmode A, Kapphahn A, Dhur K, Gupta A, Bahal R
Nucleic acid analogs and genome-editing proteins have broad therapeutic potential, but clinical translation is limited by poor cell- and organ-specific delivery, endosomal entrapment, enzymatic degradation, and short bioavailability. The review examines lipid- and polymer-based non-viral vectors as strategies to…
Read the articleRimjhim Mohanty, Chitran Roy Chowdhury, Solomon Arega, Prakriti Sen, Pooja Ganguly, Niladri Ganguly
Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, and conventional treatments and cytotoxic immunotherapies have limitations. Because tumours are complex and involve multiple genetic and cellular factors in tumorigenesis and metastasis, there is a need for an immunotherapy that targets tumours at both cellular and…
Read the articlePiotr S. Kowalski, Arnab Rudra, Lei Miao, Daniel G. Anderson
mRNA has broad therapeutic potential for vaccination, protein replacement, and gene editing, but its clinical translation is limited by the need for improved intracellular delivery systems. mRNA is much larger than siRNA or ASOs (~300–5,000 kDa, ~1–15 kb vs ~14 kDa and 4–10 kDa, respectively), making delivery more…
Read the articleRachel S. Riley, Carl H. June, Robert Langer, Michael J. Mitchell.
Immunotherapy has become powerful but broad implementation limited by inability to control immune modulation; serious adverse effects including autoimmunity, nonspecific inflammation. Need delivery technologies to improve efficacy and safety. Numbers.
Read the articleSøren R. Paludan, Line S. Reinert, Veit Hornung
DNA in abnormal cellular compartments (cytosol, endosomes, micronuclei) is a potent danger signal for the innate immune system, primarily known for inducing type I interferons and IL-1β. More recently, it has become clear that cytosolic DNA also triggers various forms of programmed cell death (PCD), but the pathways…
Read the articleMajumder J, Et Al.
Conventional systemic drug administration suffers from low site-specific bioavailability, unfavourable biodistribution, poor target accumulation, and adverse side effects. There is a need for carrier-based systems that enable localised and targeted delivery, improve therapeutic efficacy, and reduce toxicity…
Read the articleMukalel Aj, Riley Rs, Zhang R, Mitchell Mj.
Nucleic acid therapeutics—DNA, mRNA, and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing systems—hold significant potential for cancer immunotherapy but face major delivery barriers, including rapid in vivo degradation, poor cellular uptake, required nuclear entry, and toxicity in healthy tissues. Nanoparticle delivery systems are being…
Read the articleJin Q, Deng Y, Chen X, Ji J.
Ideal cancer nanomedicines need a stealth surface for prolonged circulation and tumour accumulation, but stealth surfaces often hinder cellular uptake. Conversely, cationic or targeting-ligand surfaces enhance uptake but cause rapid clearance and off-target interactions. This review addresses the central conflict…
Read the articleZhao W, Hou X, Vick Og, Dong Y.
Genetic and rare diseases (GARDs) affect more than 350 million patients worldwide, and many lack effective treatments. RNA-based therapeutics—siRNA, mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, and RNA-containing genome editing systems—are promising, but naked RNA has poor cellular penetration, is degraded in biological fluids, and does not…
Read the articleGheibi Hayat Sm, Bianconi V, Pirro M, Sahebkar A.
Biomaterials and nanoparticles (NPs) used for medical purposes often trigger immune recognition, inflammation, and rapid clearance by the reticuloendothelial system (RES)/mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). PEGylation and cell-membrane camouflaging are common stealth strategies, but they have limitations, including…
Read the articleAqeel Ahmad, Javed Masood Khan, Shafiul Haque
Endosomal escape remains the rate-limiting step for efficient gene and drug delivery using nanoparticles (NPs). Despite continuous advancements, most NPs internalised via endocytic pathways are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes in lysosomes, severely limiting therapeutic efficacy. There is an unmet need to…
Read the articleRun Ni, Ruoyu Fang, And Ying Chau
While many reviews have systematically covered different types of formulation materials for gene delivery, a parallel comparison of different formulation materials together with an analysis of the correlation between their material properties and nucleic acid delivery functions has not been conducted. Understanding…
Read the articleSamuel A. Smith, Laura I. Selby, Angus P. R. Johnston, And Georgina K. Such
Many emerging therapies require delivery of biological cargo into the cytosol, but nanoparticle delivery systems are hindered by entrapment and degradation in the endo/lysosomal pathway. Endosomal escape remains a rate-determining step for non-viral delivery. The review highlights the need for greater understanding…
Read the articleDhrisya Chenthamara, Sadhasivam Subramaniam, Sankar Ganesh Ramakrishnan, Swaminathan Krishnaswamy, Musthafa Mohamed Essa, Feng-Huei Lin, And M. Walid Qoronfleh
Despite enormous strides in nanotechnology research and development, it is often confusing for beginners to make an informed choice regarding the nanocarrier system and its potential applications. There is a need to provide a comprehensive overview of commonly used nanomaterials, their core properties, surface…
Read the articleAlidha Gafur, Natalia Kristi, Ali Maruf, Guixue Wang, And Zhiyi Ye
Despite decades of nanomedicine development for tumour therapy, less than 1% of systemically administered nanocarriers (NCs) accumulate in solid tumours. This is largely due to protein corona formation during blood circulation, which accelerates clearance and masks targeting ligands. Stealthy (neutral/negatively…
Read the articleScheideler M, Vidakovic I, Prassl R
miRNAs can regulate about 60% of protein-coding genes and enable targeting of previously “undruggable” proteins and diseases, but their clinical use is limited by nuclease degradation, poor tissue targeting, inefficient cellular uptake, and inadequate cytosolic release. Lipid nanocarriers are a versatile…
Read the articleWe co-develop nanocarrier and biosensing programmes with pharma, biotech and academic groups — from target selection through scale-up.
