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Articles

Papers, explained in our own words

Every entry summarises what the study set out to test, what it found and why it changes how we design delivery systems. Browse research and reviews or search the collection.

586 articles

Showing 1–24 of 269 articles

International journal of nanomedicine2026ReviewNon-viral Gene DeliveryDrug Delivery

1. Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Nanomedicine in Precision Oncology: Diagnosis, Targeted Therapy, and Clinical Translation

Altahla R, Wang Y, Morshedi Yekta M, Wang Z, Jiang H, Li C, Et Al.

Cancer nanomedicine offers programmable platforms for diagnosis, imaging, drug and gene delivery, and theranostics, but its clinical performance is constrained by tumor heterogeneity, complex nano-bio interactions, and interpatient variability. Artificial intelligence (AI) provides a means to integrate…

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Discover nano2026ReviewNon-viral Gene DeliveryDrug Delivery

2. Exosomes in regenerative medicine from biological messengers to engineered nanocarriers for precision therapeutics

Ghosh S, Bhaskar R, Singh Kk, Sharma S, Han Ss, Sinha Jk

Exosomes have emerged as a promising class of next-generation nanocarriers at the intersection of regenerative medicine and drug delivery. Compared with conventional synthetic nanocarriers and stem cell-based therapies, exosomes offer unique advantages, including intrinsic biocompatibility, low immunogenicity…

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International journal of pharmaceutics2026ReviewNon-viral Gene DeliveryDrug Delivery

3. Biogenic gold nanoparticles in breast cancer nanomedicine: sustainable synthesis, multifunctional engineering, and the road to clinical translation

Singh Ur, Mishra G, Leharwani M, Abourehab Mas, Gupta G, Wen Goh K, Et Al.

The use of plant, algal, microbial or biomolecule based reducing and capping agents to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has paved the way for the use of these materials as versatile candidates for breast-cancer nanomedicine. In addition to being a more sustainable synthetic pathway, the biological elements…

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Assay and drug development technologies2026ReviewDrug Delivery

4. Translational Strategies in Smart Drug Delivery Systems for Controlled and Personalized Pharmacokinetics

Thalluri C, Bukke Spn, Medhi J, Vasam M, Vidiyala N, Sunkishala P, Et Al.

Advancements in drug delivery systems (DDSs) have developed pharmacotherapy by enabling precise control over drug pharmacokinetics (PKs), enhancing therapeutic efficacy, minimizing toxicity, and improving patient compliance. This review comprehensively examines emerging DDS strategies designed to optimize absorption…

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International journal of nanomedicine2026ReviewDrug Delivery

5. Multifunctional Nanomedicine for Precision Theranostics in Hepatic Fibrosis: From Rational Design to Clinical Translation

Li Y, Gong Y, Li X, Yan S, Yu J, Qiu Z, Et Al.

Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is a pathological wound-healing response to chronic liver injury that can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although resmetirom and semaglutide have been approved for noncirrhotic metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis with fibrosis, they are restricted to a single…

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Expert review of clinical pharmacology2026ReviewNon-viral Gene DeliveryDrug Delivery

6. Mathematical modeling in mRNA therapeutics: towards a pathway to individualized treatment protocols

Campanile E, Pettinà E, Marchetti L

mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP) therapeutics represent a transformative pharmacological paradigm in which the delivery vehicle, genetic payload, and expressed protein form a tightly coupled system. This multicomponent structure introduces nonlinear, multiscale dynamics that challenge traditional pharmacokinetic…

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Discover nano2026ReviewDrug Delivery

7. Biomedical properties and emerging translational potential of bovine milk extracellular vesicles

Guan X, Hou X, Meng W, Guo Hd

Extracellular vesicles have garnered significant attention in the biomedical field due to their potential as therapeutic agents and diagnostic tools. Bovine milk extracellular vesicles (BMEVs), in particular, have emerged as a promising tool in biomedical research due to their unique biocompatibility, stability, and…

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Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research2026ReviewNon-viral Gene DeliveryDrug Delivery

8. A Review of Osteosarcoma-Derived Exosomes in Tumor Progression, Chemoresistance, and Bone Regeneration, and Their Potential in Drug Delivery

Yan P, Yang Q, Jin A, Piao M

Exosomes, as critical mediators of intercellular communication, transport nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids that drive osteosarcoma (OS) progression and dynamically remodel the tumor microenvironment. Their distinctive biological properties-including low immunogenicity, high stability, and inherent targeting…

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International journal of nanomedicine2026ReviewDrug Delivery

9. Beyond Blood-Brain Barrier Crossing in Reperfusion-Era Ischemic Stroke: Interface-Matched Active-Entity Delivery and Translational Product Design

Bu F, Cao Y, Chen F, Wen Y, Xiong L

Reperfusion therapy has transformed acute ischemic stroke care, yet large-vessel recanalization does not ensure capillary reperfusion, preservation of the blood-brain barrier and neurovascular unit (BBB/NVU), or durable neurological recovery. Nanomedicine is still commonly judged by BBB crossing or…

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Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie2026ReviewDrug Delivery

10. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as nanocarriers for curcumin: from fundamental research to clinical translation

Pan Y, Wang R, Qin S, Zhao L, Xing X

Curcumin has diverse pharmacological activities but poor water solubility, rapid degradation, extensive metabolism, and very low oral bioavailability limit its therapeutic use. This review evaluates mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo; MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles per MISEV2023) as natural…

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Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids2026ReviewNon-viral Gene Delivery

11. Oligonucleotide and RNA-targeted therapeutics for chronic hepatitis B: Antigen reduction, delivery, and functional cure strategies

Meng X, Mahmood F, Li H, Zhou T

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains difficult to cure because nucleos(t)ide analogs suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication but do not eliminate covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) or integrated HBV DNA, which sustain viral RNA and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) production. RNA-targeted therapeutics…

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Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition2026ReviewNon-viral Gene DeliveryDrug Delivery

12. An insights into impact of nanocarriers bearing phytopharmaceuticals in the management of cancer

Kaushik R, Sharma V, Kumar S, Kumar Verma K, Kumar Gaur P

Cancer remains a formidable disease, with conventional treatment strategies including chemotherapy and surgery etc. Phytomolecules and their lead molecules have been employed to reduce cancer burden but have various limitations in cancer treatment. Nanocarrier-mediated delivery of phytochemicals has emerged as an…

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Frontiers in pharmacology2026ReviewDrug Delivery

13. Overcoming adaptive resistance in non-small cell lung cancer: integrating targeted therapies, immunotherapy synergy, and nanocarrier delivery

Ding L, Staskiewicz A, Kao J, Wang X

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, characterized by high mortality rates, tumor adaptation and heterogeneity, and immune evasion mechanisms. Despite recent advancements in chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery, survival rates for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC)…

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ACS omega2026ReviewNon-viral Gene Delivery

14. DAPEG, a Modular Peptidomimetic Concept for Intracellular Delivery: Architecture, Trajectory, and Outlook in the Context of Peptidomimetic Transfection Reagents

Mallek W, Mirecka G, Wysocka M

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) remain a leading nonviral strategy for the intracellular delivery of polynucleotides and folded proteins, but native α-peptide CPPs are constrained by proteolysis, dose-dependent cytotoxicity, and endosomal entrapment. Peptidomimetic redesign addresses these limitations by replacing…

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Advanced drug delivery reviews2026ReviewDrug Delivery

15. Anti-PEG antibodies in drug delivery: From origins to mitigation strategies

Ding T, Fu J, Zhao X, Lu H, Zhan C

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is a cornerstone excipient in drug delivery, widely used to prolong circulation duration and improve the therapeutic efficacy of protein therapeutics and nanomedicines. However, both pre-existing and treatment-induced anti-PEG antibodies have been increasingly recognized during clinical…

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Nanomedicine (London, England)2026ReviewNon-viral Gene Delivery

16. Dual-vector nanoengineered mRNA-CRISPR delivery systems for precision gene therapy in choroidal melanoma

Thakur Sk, Malviya R, Chandra P, Sridhar Sb, Shareef J, Wadhwa T

Choroidal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy, and effective gene therapy remains limited by ocular barriers, tumor heterogeneity, and inefficient nucleic acid delivery. This review critically analyses the molecular rationale, engineering principles, emerging nanoarchitectures, biological…

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European journal of medicinal chemistry2026ReviewDrug Delivery

17. Metal-organic frameworks for cancer drug delivery: Molecular design, therapeutic mechanisms, safety, and clinical translation

Alahmary La, Sukkarieh Fa, Ferdous Ut, Helal A, Uddin S

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are tuneable porous platforms for cancer drug delivery, as their metal nodes, organic linkers, pore architecture, and surface chemistry can be engineered to control cargo loading, targeting, degradation, and stimulus-responsive release. This review critically discusses the…

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International journal of pharmaceutics: X2026ReviewDrug Delivery

18. Precision engineering of nanocarriers for transport across complex biological barriers

Acharya R, Komedchikova E, Choi Y, Yang J, Kim J, Son J, Et Al.

Biological barriers are essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis and protecting organs from harmful external agents; however, they also represent major obstacles to the efficient delivery of therapeutic agents. The blood-brain barrier, ocular barriers, mucosal barriers, and vascular endothelial barriers exhibit…

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Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2026ReviewNon-viral Gene Delivery

19. The evolving landscape of hybrid viral vector architectures: a persisting niche

Kochergin-Nikitsky K, Smirnikhina S

The development of hybrid viral vectors was historically driven by the need to overcome inherent limitations of individual viral platforms, including restricted payload capacity, narrow tropism, and limited control over genomic persistence. By integrating functional modules from diverse viral and non-viral systems…

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Expert opinion on drug delivery2026ReviewNon-viral Gene Delivery

20. Microenvironment-guided design of non-viral gene delivery systems: from biological cues to therapeutic translation

Mohammad Gholinia Sarpoli L, Hamblin Mr, Ebrahimifard M

Non-viral gene delivery systems offer adaptable alternatives to viral vectors for gene therapy. Nevertheless, their clinical translation remains limited by biological barriers and the pathological tissue microenvironment. Tumors exhibit alterations in the tissue microenvironment, including extracellular acidosis…

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Journal of orthopaedic translation2026ReviewNon-viral Gene DeliveryDrug Delivery

21. Nanoparticle delivery systems for gene therapy of degenerative musculoskeletal diseases

Chen X, Sun J, Xie W, Arthur Vithran Dt, Zhang Q, Rosenholm Jm, Et Al.

Degenerative musculoskeletal diseases (DMDs) are a group of chronic conditions characterized by the progressive deterioration of tissue structure and function, primarily affecting the articular cartilage, bones, tendons, and ligaments. With global aging populations, the rising prevalence of these disorders presents a…

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Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2026ReviewDrug Delivery

22. Smart nanocarriers and biomaterials for targeted drug delivery in spinal cord injury: molecular mechanisms and translational perspectives

Han W, Qi P, Li J, Min L, Li H, Yin H

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in permanent motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction below the level of injury; currently, there are no effective treatments to promote neural functional recovery. Inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, apoptosis, excitotoxicity, glial scarring, and impaired axonal…

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Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie2026ReviewDrug Delivery

23. Liposomal and liposome-based formulations of pentacyclic triterpenoids in cancer nanomedicine: A critical appraisal of preclinical progress and future perspectives

Babaei M, Miroliaei M

Pentacyclic triterpenoids (PTs) comprise a broad range of multifunctional plant-derived compound that serve as attractive scaffolds for the development of anticancer drugs. Their modes of action range from triggering apoptosis to modulating oncogenic signaling pathways and the tumor microenvironment. Despite these…

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Critical reviews in oncogenesis2026ReviewNon-viral Gene DeliveryDrug Delivery

24. Review Article: mRNA CARs: An Emerging New-Old Idea

Wolf Y

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has transformed cancer immunotherapy. Still, conventional viral vectors carry risks of insertional mutagenesis, are costly to manufacture, and can cause persistent on-target/off-tumor toxicity. Messenger RNA (mRNA) platforms offer a nonintegrating, transient alternative…

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