Every entry summarises what the study set out to test, what it found and why it changes how we design delivery systems. Browse research and reviews or search the collection.
586 articles
Showing 1–24 of 24 articles · Keyword: cellular uptake Clear keyword
Venkatas J, Singh M.
Cervical cancer is immunologically relevant because retained high-risk HPV antigens can be recognised as foreign, making immunotherapy attractive. However, conventional immunotherapy is limited by variable efficacy, immune evasion, cytokine toxicity, and poor targeting. Nanomedicine may improve delivery, targeting…
Read the articleHo W, Gao M, Li F, Li Z, Zhang X-Q, Xu X.
Nucleic acid vaccines (DNA and mRNA) offer rapid design, adaptability to changing pathogen strains, and stimulation of both humoral and cellular immunity, but their clinical translation is limited by inefficient delivery—nucleic acids are rapidly degraded by endogenous nucleases, have poor cellular uptake due to…
Read the articleHou X, Zaks T, Langer R, Dong Y
mRNA has therapeutic potential for vaccines, protein replacement, cancer immunotherapy, cellular reprogramming, and genome editing, but it requires safe, effective, and stable delivery systems to protect it from degradation and enable cellular uptake and mRNA release. Lipid nanoparticles have entered the clinic for…
Read the articleMatthew R. Aronson, Scott H. Medina, Michael J. Mitchell
Most clinically approved cancer therapies are potent and toxic small molecules limited by severe off-target toxicities and poor tumour-specific localisation. Liposomal encapsulation reduces toxicity, but reliance on passive targeting via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect leaves unresolved issues…
Read the articleZein R, Sharrouf W, Selting K.
Drug penetration into tumours is limited by abnormal vasculature and high interstitial pressure, and chemotherapy causes undesirable adverse effects including bone marrow and gastrointestinal toxicity. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems aim to reduce these adverse effects by enhancing penetration and…
Read the articleJin Q, Deng Y, Chen X, Ji J.
Ideal cancer nanomedicines need a stealth surface for prolonged circulation and tumour accumulation, but stealth surfaces often hinder cellular uptake. Conversely, cationic or targeting-ligand surfaces enhance uptake but cause rapid clearance and off-target interactions. This review addresses the central conflict…
Read the articleAlidha Gafur, Natalia Kristi, Ali Maruf, Guixue Wang, And Zhiyi Ye
Despite decades of nanomedicine development for tumour therapy, less than 1% of systemically administered nanocarriers (NCs) accumulate in solid tumours. This is largely due to protein corona formation during blood circulation, which accelerates clearance and masks targeting ligands. Stealthy (neutral/negatively…
Read the articleScheideler M, Vidakovic I, Prassl R
miRNAs can regulate about 60% of protein-coding genes and enable targeting of previously “undruggable” proteins and diseases, but their clinical use is limited by nuclease degradation, poor tissue targeting, inefficient cellular uptake, and inadequate cytosolic release. Lipid nanocarriers are a versatile…
Read the articleFerrari, R.; Sponchioni, M.; Morbidelli, M.; Moscatelli, D
Many polymer-based nanoparticle formulations fail before or during clinical trials. This review identifies the key checkpoints a nanocarrier must satisfy after intravenous injection — biocompatibility, drug loading/release, storage stability, biodistribution, target selectivity, cellular internalisation, and…
Read the articleSima Rezvantalab And Mostafa Keshavarz Moraveji
PLGA is a biocompatible, biodegradable copolymer widely used in drug delivery systems (DDS), but conventional bulk synthesis methods suffer from poor control over particle size, broad size distribution, low drug loading/encapsulation efficiency, and burst release. Microfluidic systems offer a tightly controlled…
Read the articleNot Fully Listed In The Supplied File; Corresponding Authors Are P.Z. ([email protected]) And S.L. ([email protected])
Conventional micro/nanoparticle synthesis techniques (e.g., emulsion, sol–gel) can produce only a limited number of shapes—mainly spherical or rod-like—and provide poor control over size, cargo loading, and surface properties. These features critically affect particle–cell interactions and in vivo biodistribution, so…
Read the articleSima Rezvantalab, Natascha Ingrid Drude, Mostafa Keshavarz Moraveji, Nihan Güvener, Emily Kate Koons, Yang Shi, Twan Lammers, Fabian Kiessling
PLGA-based nanoparticles are widely investigated for cancer therapy, but their clinical translation remains limited. A consolidated overview was needed of how PLGA NP physicochemical properties, biological behaviour, targeting strategies, and combination therapies interact—and why promising preclinical results have…
Read the articleShahed Behzadi, Vahid Serpooshan, Wei Tao, Majd A. Hamaly, Mahmoud Y. Alkawareek, Erik C. Dreaden, Dennis Brown, Alaaldin M. Alkilany, Omid C. Farokhzad, Morteza Mahmoudi
Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used in consumer goods, electronics, and pharmaceuticals, but their beneficial and/or deleterious effects ultimately arise from interactions at the cellular and subcellular level. While many NPs require safe entry into cells for therapeutic efficacy, efficient and controlled…
Read the articleCheng X, Lee Rj
Oligonucleotide (ON) therapeutics—antisense ONs, siRNA, miRNA mimics/inhibitors, antimiRs—are limited by poor membrane permeability, rapid renal/RES clearance, and nuclease degradation. LNPs can protect ONs and improve delivery, but the role of helper lipids in LNP stability, circulation, endosomal escape, and in…
Read the articleBishop, C. J.; Kozielski, K. L.; Green, J. J
Viral vectors raise safety concerns, and non-viral polymeric vectors still require optimisation for clinical translation. This review addresses how polymer structural features govern intracellular nucleic acid delivery — including cargo protection, cellular uptake, endosomal escape, unpacking, and nuclear delivery —…
Read the articleSatyajit Mayor, Robert G. Parton, Julie G. Donaldson
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) has long been the dominant paradigm for cellular uptake, but many endocytic pathways operate without clathrin. These clathrin-independent endocytic (CIE) pathways are increasingly recognised as distinct routes with different cargo selectivity, molecular machinery, kinetics, and…
Read the articleDa Ma
siRNA-based gene therapy is a promising biotechnology for treating cancer and other diseases, but safe and efficient delivery is essential. Nanoparticle-mediated delivery must overcome multiple biological barriers, and endosomal escape is a critical rate-limiting barrier: nanoparticles are typically internalised via…
Read the articleLee, Y. S.; Kim, S. W
Cationic polymeric gene carriers are promising non-viral vectors, but their slow degradability and intracellular/tissue accumulation cause cytotoxicity. Bioreducible polymers containing disulfide linkages are attractive because they are stable extracellularly but degrade selectively in the reducing intracellular…
Read the articleTam Yyc, Chen S, Cullis Pr
siRNA has broad therapeutic potential, but clinical translation is limited by rapid nuclease degradation, poor accumulation in target tissues, and inability to cross cell membranes to reach the cytoplasm. Lipid nanoparticles containing ionisable amino lipids are the leading systemic delivery system for siRNA, with…
Read the articleNot Fully Listed In The Supplied File; Corresponding Authors Are Isaac Ojea ([email protected]) And Victor Puntes ([email protected])
Viral vectors give high gene-transfer efficiency but carry risks of immunogenicity, oncogenic transformation, limited cargo capacity, and manufacturing difficulty. Nonviral nanocarriers are safer and cheaper alternatives, but they still suffer from low transfection efficiency because of extracellular and…
Read the articleChou Lyt, Ming K, Chan Wcw.
Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used as contrast agents, therapeutics, and delivery vehicles, but their effective delivery into cells and to specific subcellular organelles remains a major challenge. The review addresses fundamental barriers to intracellular NP delivery—plasma membrane, endosomal entrapment…
Read the articleSchroeder A, Levins Cg, Cortez C, Langer R, Anderson Dg
RNAi has strong therapeutic potential, but clinical translation of siRNA is limited by delivery. siRNA is large, negatively charged, susceptible to nuclease degradation, poorly taken up by cells, and must reach the cytoplasm to engage RISC. Safe and effective lipid-based delivery systems are needed to protect siRNA…
Read the articleParveen, S.; Sahoo, S. K
Conventional cancer chemotherapy suffers from poor tumour selectivity, high required doses, systemic toxicity, rapid drug elimination, and multidrug resistance. Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are reviewed as a strategy to improve targeted delivery, controlled release, and therapeutic efficacy while reducing adverse…
Read the articleKircheis, R.; Wightman, L.; Wagner, E
PEI is one of the most effective non-viral gene delivery polymers, but its efficacy, toxicity, and in vivo behaviour depend strongly on molecular weight, branching, particle size, surface charge, and modifications. This review addresses how PEI/DNA complexes can be modified with targeting ligands, shielding agents…
Read the articleWe co-develop nanocarrier and biosensing programmes with pharma, biotech and academic groups — from target selection through scale-up.
