Every entry summarises what the study set out to test, what it found and why it changes how we design delivery systems. Browse research and reviews or search the collection.
721 articles
Showing 73–96 of 137 articles · Keyword: Nanoparticles Clear keyword
Zhao W, Hou X, Vick Og, Dong Y.
Genetic and rare diseases (GARDs) affect more than 350 million patients worldwide, and many lack effective treatments. RNA-based therapeutics—siRNA, mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, and RNA-containing genome editing systems—are promising, but naked RNA has poor cellular penetration, is degraded in biological fluids, and does not…
Read the articleGheibi Hayat Sm, Bianconi V, Pirro M, Sahebkar A.
Biomaterials and nanoparticles (NPs) used for medical purposes often trigger immune recognition, inflammation, and rapid clearance by the reticuloendothelial system (RES)/mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). PEGylation and cell-membrane camouflaging are common stealth strategies, but they have limitations, including…
Read the articleAqeel Ahmad, Javed Masood Khan, Shafiul Haque
Endosomal escape remains the rate-limiting step for efficient gene and drug delivery using nanoparticles (NPs). Despite continuous advancements, most NPs internalised via endocytic pathways are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes in lysosomes, severely limiting therapeutic efficacy. There is an unmet need to…
Read the articleSamuel A. Smith, Laura I. Selby, Angus P. R. Johnston, And Georgina K. Such
Many emerging therapies require delivery of biological cargo into the cytosol, but nanoparticle delivery systems are hindered by entrapment and degradation in the endo/lysosomal pathway. Endosomal escape remains a rate-determining step for non-viral delivery. The review highlights the need for greater understanding…
Read the articleDhrisya Chenthamara, Sadhasivam Subramaniam, Sankar Ganesh Ramakrishnan, Swaminathan Krishnaswamy, Musthafa Mohamed Essa, Feng-Huei Lin, And M. Walid Qoronfleh
Despite enormous strides in nanotechnology research and development, it is often confusing for beginners to make an informed choice regarding the nanocarrier system and its potential applications. There is a need to provide a comprehensive overview of commonly used nanomaterials, their core properties, surface…
Read the articleAlidha Gafur, Natalia Kristi, Ali Maruf, Guixue Wang, And Zhiyi Ye
Despite decades of nanomedicine development for tumour therapy, less than 1% of systemically administered nanocarriers (NCs) accumulate in solid tumours. This is largely due to protein corona formation during blood circulation, which accelerates clearance and masks targeting ligands. Stealthy (neutral/negatively…
Read the articleScheideler M, Vidakovic I, Prassl R
miRNAs can regulate about 60% of protein-coding genes and enable targeting of previously “undruggable” proteins and diseases, but their clinical use is limited by nuclease degradation, poor tissue targeting, inefficient cellular uptake, and inadequate cytosolic release. Lipid nanocarriers are a versatile…
Read the articlePLA and PLGA are FDA-approved, biodegradable polymers widely used for micro- and nanoparticle drug delivery, but their clinical performance depends on biocompatibility, degradation behaviour, and drug-release control. This review addresses the need to understand PLA/PLGA tissue responses, degradation pathways…
Read the articleThomas, T. J.; Tajmir-Riahi, H.-A.; Pillai, C. K. S
Gene therapy requires efficient delivery of genetic material, but viral vectors carry risks of immunogenicity, toxicity, and cancer formation. Cationic polymers such as polyethyleneimine (PEI) can condense DNA and facilitate delivery, but their lack of biodegradation causes significant toxicity due to polymer…
Read the articleVenditti, I
Polymeric nanocarriers such as dendrimers, micelles, nanoparticles, nanogels, nanocapsules, and vesicles are widely investigated for drug delivery, but their morphology, surface chemistry, and functionalisation strongly influence drug loading, controlled release, and targeting. This review addresses the need for a…
Read the articleFerrari, R.; Sponchioni, M.; Morbidelli, M.; Moscatelli, D
Many polymer-based nanoparticle formulations fail before or during clinical trials. This review identifies the key checkpoints a nanocarrier must satisfy after intravenous injection — biocompatibility, drug loading/release, storage stability, biodistribution, target selectivity, cellular internalisation, and…
Read the articleEkliadious, I.; Colson, Y. L.; Grinstaff, M. W
Polymer–drug conjugates have achieved clinical success, especially PEG–protein conjugates, but translation of many conjugates—particularly polymer–small-molecule anticancer therapeutics—remains limited. This review addresses the need for rational design, better understanding of in vivo barriers, and identification of…
Read the articleSima Rezvantalab And Mostafa Keshavarz Moraveji
PLGA is a biocompatible, biodegradable copolymer widely used in drug delivery systems (DDS), but conventional bulk synthesis methods suffer from poor control over particle size, broad size distribution, low drug loading/encapsulation efficiency, and burst release. Microfluidic systems offer a tightly controlled…
Read the articleNot Fully Listed In The Supplied File; Corresponding Authors Indicated By Emails: [email protected] And [email protected] Doi/link: Not Included In The Supplied File
Endosomal escape remains a major roadblock for delivering biological therapeutics such as DNA, siRNA, and proteins. Polymeric nanoparticles can protect cargo and target cells, but they often remain trapped in endosomal/lysosomal compartments, where cargo is degraded. A better understanding of how nanoparticle…
Read the articleYao Xiao, Kun Shi, Ying Qu, Bingyang Chu, Zhiyong Qian
In the past 10 years, many clinical nano-gene therapy trials have been discontinued due to poor efficacy and serious side effects. There is a critical need to design suitable gene delivery systems that can protect nucleic acids, enhance transfection efficiency, penetrate deep into tumours, and remain stable and safe…
Read the articleNot Fully Listed In The Supplied File; Corresponding Authors Are P.Z. ([email protected]) And S.L. ([email protected])
Conventional micro/nanoparticle synthesis techniques (e.g., emulsion, sol–gel) can produce only a limited number of shapes—mainly spherical or rod-like—and provide poor control over size, cargo loading, and surface properties. These features critically affect particle–cell interactions and in vivo biodistribution, so…
Read the articleTran Th, Tran Ttp, Nguyen Ht, Phung Cd, Jeong J-H, Stenzel Mh, Jin Sg, Yong Cs, Truong Dh, Kim Jo.
Dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer immunotherapy is promising but limited by poor antigen immunogenicity, weak stability, and short in vivo half-life. Nanotechnology can protect antigens and adjuvants from premature degradation, enhance delivery to DCs, and improve therapeutic T cell responses. This review summarises…
Read the articleIrene Lostalé-Seijo And Javier Montenegro
Gene therapy has enormous therapeutic potential, but clinical translation is limited by the delivery problem: nucleic acids are negatively charged, unstable, and must overcome multiple biological barriers to reach their intracellular site of action. Viral vectors are efficient but suffer from immunogenicity, limited…
Read the articleEvers Mjw, Kulkarni Ja, Van Der Meel R, Cullis Pr, Vader P, Schiffelers Rm
Free siRNA, mRNA, pDNA, and CRISPR/Cas9 components are rapidly degraded and cleared, so delivery systems are required. LNPs are the most clinically advanced non-viral siRNA carriers; Patisiran reached Phase III and market application in late 2017. The field needed a clearer understanding of LNP design parameters and…
Read the articleKarlsson, J.; Vaughan, H. J.; Green, J. J
Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles have great potential to improve cancer therapy by enabling targeted delivery, triggered release, and reduced off-target toxicity. This review addresses how such nanocarriers can be engineered to overcome systemic, organ-level, and cellular barriers and to target cancer cells…
Read the articleTzeng Sy, Green Jj
Nucleic acids can be used to engineer the immune system, but their clinical use requires better specificity and intracellular delivery efficiency. Viral vectors have manufacturing, cargo-capacity, safety, and immunological drawbacks; therefore, polymers are being developed as non-viral delivery vehicles whose…
Read the articleSima Rezvantalab, Natascha Ingrid Drude, Mostafa Keshavarz Moraveji, Nihan Güvener, Emily Kate Koons, Yang Shi, Twan Lammers, Fabian Kiessling
PLGA-based nanoparticles are widely investigated for cancer therapy, but their clinical translation remains limited. A consolidated overview was needed of how PLGA NP physicochemical properties, biological behaviour, targeting strategies, and combination therapies interact—and why promising preclinical results have…
Read the articleChao Wang, Wujin Sun, Yanqi Ye, Hunter N. Bomba, Zhen Gu
Immune cell/organ therapies based on manipulation, infusion, and implantation of autologous or allogeneic cells/organs are costly, time-consuming, and sometimes limited in clinical effectiveness. Biomimetic materials and strategies offer an alternative by enabling artificial immune cells and lymphoid organs that are…
Read the articleShahed Behzadi, Vahid Serpooshan, Wei Tao, Majd A. Hamaly, Mahmoud Y. Alkawareek, Erik C. Dreaden, Dennis Brown, Alaaldin M. Alkilany, Omid C. Farokhzad, Morteza Mahmoudi
Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used in consumer goods, electronics, and pharmaceuticals, but their beneficial and/or deleterious effects ultimately arise from interactions at the cellular and subcellular level. While many NPs require safe entry into cells for therapeutic efficacy, efficient and controlled…
Read the articleWe co-develop nanocarrier and biosensing programmes with pharma, biotech and academic groups — from target selection through scale-up.
