Every entry summarises what the study set out to test, what it found and why it changes how we design delivery systems. Browse research and reviews or search the collection.
706 articles
Showing 73–96 of 120 articles · Keyword: siRNA Clear keyword
Liposomes are attractive pharmaceutical carriers because they encapsulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs and are biocompatible and biodegradable. However, conventional liposomes suffer from aggregation/fusion, premature payload release, rapid clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), low entrapment…
Read the articleLiposomes are the first nano drug delivery systems successfully translated into clinical use, but many formulations still face limitations in biodistribution, toxicity, stability, and target selectivity. An updated review was needed to summarise liposome technologies, marketed clinical products, formulation aspects…
Read the articleRNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics have shown potential for treating genetic, viral, and cancerous diseases, but the main bottleneck remains delivery of functional RNA molecules into the cell cytoplasm. The review focuses on liposomes and other lipid carriers, and on exosomes/extracellular vesicles (EVs), as…
Read the articleSelby, L. I.; Cortez-Jugo, C. M.; Such, G. K.; Johnston, A. P. R
Endosomal escape is widely considered the rate-limiting bottleneck for cytoplasmic delivery of nucleic acids, proteins, and other therapeutics using polymeric and lipid nanoparticles. The field lacks robust methods to quantify escape efficiency and understand its mechanisms, limiting rational design of improved…
Read the articleKevin J. Kauffman, Matthew J. Webber, Daniel G. Anderson
mRNA therapeutics have broad potential for protein replacement therapy, cancer immunotherapy, and genomic engineering, but effective intracellular delivery remains a major challenge. A chemically diverse suite of delivery materials—originally developed for DNA and siRNA transfection—has recently shown promise for…
Read the articleMaryam Hashemi, Seyed Meghdad Tabatabai, Hamideh Parhiz, Soroush Milanizadeh, Sara Amel Farzad, Khalil Abnous, Mohammad Ramezani
PAMAM and PPI dendrimers are widely investigated for gene delivery but suffer from limitations including cytotoxicity and inefficient endosomal escape. While both employ the proton sponge mechanism for endosomal release, higher generations that improve transfection also increase cytotoxicity. A systematic comparison…
Read the articleMatthias Van Woensel, Nathalie Wauthoz, Rémi Rosière, Véronique Mathieu, Róbert Kiss, Florence Lefranc, Brecht Steelant, Ellen Dilissen, Stefaan W. Van Gool, Thomas Mathivet, Holger Gerhardt, Karim Amighi, Steven De Vleeschouwer
Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is overexpressed in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), promotes tumour progression, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and immune suppression. A non-invasive delivery strategy is needed to reach CNS tumours with siRNA while limiting systemic effects. The intranasal route was explored as an underexplored…
Read the articleChen J, Guo Z, Tian H, Chen X.
Gene therapy is a promising strategy for treating gene-associated diseases, but clinical application is limited by inefficient delivery. Naked nucleic acids suffer from nuclease degradation, rapid renal clearance, phagocyte uptake, poor target-cell uptake, and immune-related toxicity. Nanoparticles are considered the…
Read the articleCheng X, Lee Rj
Oligonucleotide (ON) therapeutics—antisense ONs, siRNA, miRNA mimics/inhibitors, antimiRs—are limited by poor membrane permeability, rapid renal/RES clearance, and nuclease degradation. LNPs can protect ONs and improve delivery, but the role of helper lipids in LNP stability, circulation, endosomal escape, and in…
Read the articleSkye Zeller, Chang Seon Choi, Pradeep D. Uchil, Hong-Seok Ban, Alyssa Siefert, Tarek M. Fahmy, Walther Mothes, Sang-Kyung Lee, Priti Kumar
Arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) such as nona-arginine (9R) can effectively translocate covalently attached biomolecules into cells, but poorly deliver electrostatically complexed siRNA, with most CPP:siRNA complexes trapped in endosomes. The mechanism by which ligand attachment to 9R overcomes this…
Read the articleXue Hy, Guo P, Wen W-C, Wong Hl
RNAi therapeutics such as siRNA and miRNA can potently and specifically silence almost any gene, but systemic delivery is limited by poor cell permeation, rapid nuclease degradation, immunogenicity, and lack of target specificity. Lipid-based nanocarriers are among the most biocompatible and clinically advanced…
Read the articleDe Jesus Mb, Zuhorn Is
Non-viral nucleic acid delivery requires carriers that protect DNA/RNA from nucleases and facilitate intracellular delivery. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are promising, but the molecular mechanisms by which they assemble with nucleic acids, transfect cells, and release cargo remain poorly understood compared with…
Read the articleHelin Xu, Qing Yao, Cuifang Cai, Jinxin Gou, Yu Zhang, Haijun Zhong, Xing Tang
Amphiphilic poly(amino acid)-based micelles are attractive for systemic drug delivery because they are biodegradable, biocompatible, have functional side groups, can load diverse drugs, and can exploit the EPR effect. However, low cargo capacity and poor stability in blood remain major barriers to clinical…
Read the articleLi, Y.; Maciel, D.; Rodrigues, J.; Shi, X.; Tomás, H
Despite extensive research, therapeutic delivery still faces major barriers: poor plasma stability, rapid clearance by the reticuloendothelial system (RES), and intracellular obstacles such as endosomal entrapment and lysosomal degradation. Biodegradable polymer nanogels (NGs) — physically or chemically cross-linked…
Read the articleBishop, C. J.; Kozielski, K. L.; Green, J. J
Viral vectors raise safety concerns, and non-viral polymeric vectors still require optimisation for clinical translation. This review addresses how polymer structural features govern intracellular nucleic acid delivery — including cargo protection, cellular uptake, endosomal escape, unpacking, and nuclear delivery —…
Read the articleKim J, Wilson Dr, Zamboni Cg, Green Jj
Cancer gene therapy requires safe and efficient delivery of nucleic acids, but viral vectors carry risks of immunogenicity and insertional tumorigenicity, while non-viral polymeric vectors are safer but less efficient. The review addresses the need for targeted polymeric nanoparticles that achieve tumour-specific…
Read the articleUlrich Lächelt And Ernst Wagner
Therapeutic nucleic acids—including plasmid DNA, mRNA, siRNA, miRNA, antisense oligonucleotides, and aptamers—have broad therapeutic potential, but their delivery to the correct intracellular site of action remains the dominant bottleneck. Polyplexes, formed by electrostatic complexation of nucleic acids with…
Read the articleSatyajit Mayor, Robert G. Parton, Julie G. Donaldson
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) has long been the dominant paradigm for cellular uptake, but many endocytic pathways operate without clathrin. These clathrin-independent endocytic (CIE) pathways are increasingly recognised as distinct routes with different cargo selectivity, molecular machinery, kinetics, and…
Read the articleDa Ma
siRNA-based gene therapy is a promising biotechnology for treating cancer and other diseases, but safe and efficient delivery is essential. Nanoparticle-mediated delivery must overcome multiple biological barriers, and endosomal escape is a critical rate-limiting barrier: nanoparticles are typically internalised via…
Read the articleCorey J. Bishop, Stephany Y. Tzeng, Jordan J. Green
There is a need for improved nanobiotechnologies that enable intracellular delivery of difficult-to-deliver biologics such as nucleic acids. Ideally, a delivery material should deliver both large molecules such as DNA and small molecules such as siRNA—enabling both positive and negative regulation of genes—while…
Read the articleHéloïse Ragelle, Raphaël Riva, Gaëlle Vandermeulen, Broes Naeye, Vincent Pourcelle, Cécile S. Le Duff, Cécile D’haese, Bernard Nysten, Kevin Braeckmans, Stefaan C. De Smedt, Christine Jérôme, Véronique Préat
Naked siRNA is unstable and inefficient, and chitosan-based carriers are limited by poor solubility at physiological pH and weak endosomal disruption. The study aimed to optimise chitosan nanoparticle formulations for intravenous siRNA delivery that achieve high gene silencing without cytotoxicity and remain stable…
Read the articleYin H, Kanasty Rl, Eltoukhy Aa, Vegas Aj, Dorkin Jr, Anderson Dg.
Gene-based therapy has potential to treat a wide range of diseases, but clinical success is limited by delivery barriers. Viral vectors, while efficient, carry risks of carcinogenesis, immunogenicity, broad tropism, limited packaging capacity, and manufacturing difficulties. Non-viral vectors offer improved safety…
Read the articleTorrecilla J, Rodríguez-Gascón A, Solinís Má, Del Pozo-Rodríguez A
Naked RNAi molecules are rapidly degraded by serum nucleases and cannot readily cross cell membranes because of their negative charge. Effective delivery systems are therefore required to exploit RNAi for antiviral therapy. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are attractive because they are relatively safe, simple to produce…
Read the articleSlavomíra Doktorovová, Eliana B. Souto, Amélia Maria Silva
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were developed as alternative colloidal carriers with better stability and tolerability than polymeric nanoparticles. However, in vitro toxicity data were scattered across many cell lines, assays, exposure times, concentrations, and formulations…
Read the articleWe co-develop nanocarrier and biosensing programmes with pharma, biotech and academic groups — from target selection through scale-up.
