Papers, explained in our own words

121. Novel modifications of small extracellular vesicles to enhance cardiac-specific delivery of siPKA RNA and edaravone against ischemia-reperfusion cardiac injury

Pei X, Li R, Bai Y, Yan Q, Qi X, Jiao W, Et Al.

Relative tight endothelium in the heart may be a barrier for drugs in the large molecule and nanoparticle formats to act on cardiomyocytes. We hypothesize that enhanced binding of large molecules or nanoparticles to the cardiac capillary endothelial cells can increase the transendothelial transport of these drugs to…

• Cardiac-specific transendothelial transport
• Edaravone
• Multistage-targeting drug delivery system
• Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury
• PKA siRNA
• Permanent MI

122. Beyond Blood-Brain Barrier Crossing in Reperfusion-Era Ischemic Stroke: Interface-Matched Active-Entity Delivery and Translational Product Design

Bu F, Cao Y, Chen F, Wen Y, Xiong L

Reperfusion therapy has transformed acute ischemic stroke care, yet large-vessel recanalization does not ensure capillary reperfusion, preservation of the blood-brain barrier and neurovascular unit (BBB/NVU), or durable neurological recovery. Nanomedicine is still commonly judged by BBB crossing or…

• active entity
• bioresponsive delivery
• blood-brain barrier
• clinical translation
• delivery topology
• ischemic stroke
• nanomedicine
• neurovascular unit
• reperfusion
• thromboinflammation

123. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as nanocarriers for curcumin: from fundamental research to clinical translation

Pan Y, Wang R, Qin S, Zhao L, Xing X

Curcumin has diverse pharmacological activities but poor water solubility, rapid degradation, extensive metabolism, and very low oral bioavailability limit its therapeutic use. This review evaluates mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo; MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles per MISEV2023) as natural…

• Clinical translation
• Curcumin
• Extracellular vesicles
• GMP manufacturing
• Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes
• Natural nanocarriers

124. A multimodal anticancer strategy based on exosome-coated prussian blue nanocarriers for melanoma treatment

Roshani R, Ramezani M, Bagheri E, Alikhani M, Abnous K, Taghdisi Sm, Et Al.

Overcoming multidrug resistance and tumor recurrence in melanoma requires multimodal therapeutic strategies that surpass the limitations of monotherapy. Herein, we report a biomimetic nanoplatform, HMPB@EX-DOX, designed to combine chemotherapy, photothermal therapy (PTT), and iron-mediated oxidative stress to…

• Exosome
• Melanoma
• Oxidative stress
• Photothermal therapy
• Prussian blue nanocubes

125. A pH/miR-21 dual-responsive multifunctional DNA tetrahedron for targeted tumor imaging and synergistic chemo-gene therapy

Guo Z, Zhang H, Wang M, Zhang X, Ren X, Wang Y, Et Al.

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) presents promising prospects as a therapeutic agent; its clinical application is constrained by challenges such as inefficient delivery and off-target effects. This study developed a multifunctional DNA Tetrahedron (MDT) platform for synergistic delivery of siRNA and the chemotherapeutic…

• DNA tetrahedron
• Intracellular imaging
• Synergistic therapy
• Tumor targeting

126. Oligonucleotide and RNA-targeted therapeutics for chronic hepatitis B: Antigen reduction, delivery, and functional cure strategies

Meng X, Mahmood F, Li H, Zhou T

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains difficult to cure because nucleos(t)ide analogs suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication but do not eliminate covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) or integrated HBV DNA, which sustain viral RNA and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) production. RNA-targeted therapeutics…

• HBsAg reduction
• MT: oligonucleotides: therapies and applications
• RNA therapeutics
• antisense oligonucleotide
• chronic hepatitis B
• functional cure

127. Sickle cell disease-specific barriers to in vivo hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy

Choi Rh, Sheehan Va

Gene therapy for individuals living with sickle cell disease is a transformative therapy, ameliorating many of its severe symptoms. Nevertheless, ex vivo administration of gene therapy coupled with sickle cell disease specific obstacles, complicate and limit widespread adoption. In this review, we discuss current…

• Bone marrow
• Gene therapy
• Hematopoietic stem cells
• Sickle cell disease

128. Chemical topology of lipo-amino fatty acid mRNA carriers triggers distinct lipid bulk phases and endosomal escape mechanisms ☆

Grau M, Kostyurina E, Seidl J, Martini N, Winkeljann B, Merkel Om, Et Al.

LAF-Stp xenopeptides (XPs) comprising lipoamino fatty acid (LAF) units connected with the tetraethylene pentamine derived polyamino acid Stp were identified as a novel class of amphiphilic mRNA carriers. A 'chameleon-like' polarity switch is observed upon transition from neutral physiological to endosomal acidic pH…

• Molecular dynamics
• Nanocarriers
• Polyplexes
• SAXS
• Ultrastructure

129. FGFR4 Enhances Extracellular Vesicle-Associated Output and Promotes STAT1-Dependent LGALS3BP Enrichment in Colorectal Cancer

Kim Dh, Choi Jn, Hwang Je, Shim Hj, Bang Hj, Kim Hj, Et Al.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) contributes to colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, but its effects on extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated proteins remain unclear. In the present study, we examined FGFR4-associated changes in EV-enriched extracellular fractions and the role of STAT1 in LGALS3BP…

• FGFR4
• LGALS3BP
• STAT1
• colorectal cancer
• extracellular vesicles
• secretome
• transcriptome

130. Hydrophobicity-tuned oleic acid-functionalized chitosan nanoparticles for sustained ocular delivery of dapagliflozin in diabetic cataract

Lin Zi, Yeh Tc, Sun Gc, Chen Yy, Cheng Pw

Chitosan-based biological macromolecules provide a versatile platform for ocular drug delivery, but their hydrophilic nature limits the encapsulation and sustained release of hydrophobic therapeutics. Here, we designed oleic acid-functionalized chitosan nanoparticles (OA-CS NPs) with tunable hydrophobicity by varying…

• Chitosan
• Dapagliflozin
• Diabetic cataract
• Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
• Nanoparticles
• Ocular drug delivery

131. An insights into impact of nanocarriers bearing phytopharmaceuticals in the management of cancer

Kaushik R, Sharma V, Kumar S, Kumar Verma K, Kumar Gaur P

Cancer remains a formidable disease, with conventional treatment strategies including chemotherapy and surgery etc. Phytomolecules and their lead molecules have been employed to reduce cancer burden but have various limitations in cancer treatment. Nanocarrier-mediated delivery of phytochemicals has emerged as an…

• Phyto nanocarriers
• cancer
• cancer progression
• drug delivery systems
• herbal drugs

132. Chitosan nanoparticles functionalised with protocatechuic acid improve colon-targeted pazopanib delivery with multi-pathway therapeutic regulation and pharmacokinetic optimisation in colorectal cancer

Maheshwari T, Bhattacharya S

Poor pharmacokinetics, insufficient tumor-selective drug accumulation, and systemic toxicity are often the main obstacles to colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. Here, protocatechuic acid-functionalized chitosan nanoparticles (PAZ-CS-PCA-NPs) were designed to enhance the pharmacological efficacy of pazopanib via…

• Chitosan nanoparticles
• Colon-targeted drug delivery
• Colorectal cancer
• Cultivable fecal bacteria
• Oxidative stress
• Pazopanib
• Pharmacokinetics
• Protocatechuic acid

133. Overcoming adaptive resistance in non-small cell lung cancer: integrating targeted therapies, immunotherapy synergy, and nanocarrier delivery

Ding L, Staskiewicz A, Kao J, Wang X

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, characterized by high mortality rates, tumor adaptation and heterogeneity, and immune evasion mechanisms. Despite recent advancements in chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery, survival rates for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC)…

• combination therapy
• immunotherapy
• lung cancer
• nanocarrier delivery
• pharmacological synergy
• targeted therapy
• tumor microenvironment
• tumor resistance

134. DAPEG, a Modular Peptidomimetic Concept for Intracellular Delivery: Architecture, Trajectory, and Outlook in the Context of Peptidomimetic Transfection Reagents

Mallek W, Mirecka G, Wysocka M

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) remain a leading nonviral strategy for the intracellular delivery of polynucleotides and folded proteins, but native α-peptide CPPs are constrained by proteolysis, dose-dependent cytotoxicity, and endosomal entrapment. Peptidomimetic redesign addresses these limitations by replacing…

135. Enhancing Drug Delivery and Efficacy in Stroke via Supramolecular Nanoparticle Systems

Huang Xy, Xu My, Zhang M, Lu X, Tang Jb, Yan Bc, Et Al.

The pathogenesis of ischemic stroke involves multiple pathological links, such as blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, making comprehensive intervention via a single drug exceedingly difficult. In this study, we constructed a supramolecular coassembly nanoparticles (UA-Gen…

136. Anti-PEG antibodies in drug delivery: From origins to mitigation strategies

Ding T, Fu J, Zhao X, Lu H, Zhan C

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is a cornerstone excipient in drug delivery, widely used to prolong circulation duration and improve the therapeutic efficacy of protein therapeutics and nanomedicines. However, both pre-existing and treatment-induced anti-PEG antibodies have been increasingly recognized during clinical…

• Binding patterns
• Biological effects
• Complement activation
• Detection methodologies
• Emerging strategies
• Immunogenicity
• Poly(ethylene glycol)
• Pre-existing antibodies

137. Integration of Charged Peptide Amphiphiles within Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs) for Enhanced Targeted mRNA Delivery

Yuan Y, Li G, Liu Y, Liu L, Hu C, Qi H, Et Al.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) play a pivotal role in mRNA-based therapy; however, achieving targeted delivery remains challenging. We developed an LNP platform integrating peptide amphiphiles (PAs) to exploit their dual bioactivity and electrostatic tunability. Two PAs, cationic C16TAT (derived from a cell-penetrating…

• cell-penetrating peptides
• co-assembly
• lipid nanoparticles
• peptide amphiphiles
• targeted delivery

138. mRNA folding facilitates efficient and spleen-targeted delivery by highly branched poly(β-amino ester)s

Li H, Sun Q, Wang S, Xu W, Shi L, Yang Y, Et Al.

Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapeutics hold great promise in preventing and treating various diseases. However, the instability and high immunogenicity of raw mRNA molecules, along with the inefficient delivery vectors, strictly limited the proteins translation and therapeutic applications. In this work, we…

• Folded structural mRNA
• Highly branched poly(β-amino ester)s
• Mg(2+)-mediated mRNA folding
• Spleen-targeted delivery
• mRNA delivery

139. Dual-vector nanoengineered mRNA-CRISPR delivery systems for precision gene therapy in choroidal melanoma

Thakur Sk, Malviya R, Chandra P, Sridhar Sb, Shareef J, Wadhwa T

Choroidal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy, and effective gene therapy remains limited by ocular barriers, tumor heterogeneity, and inefficient nucleic acid delivery. This review critically analyses the molecular rationale, engineering principles, emerging nanoarchitectures, biological…

• CRISPR-Cas genome editing
• Choroidal melanoma
• Ocular nanomedicine
• dual-vector nanoengineering
• gene therapy
• mRNA therapeutics
• nucleic acid delivery

140. Metal-organic frameworks for cancer drug delivery: Molecular design, therapeutic mechanisms, safety, and clinical translation

Alahmary La, Sukkarieh Fa, Ferdous Ut, Helal A, Uddin S

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are tuneable porous platforms for cancer drug delivery, as their metal nodes, organic linkers, pore architecture, and surface chemistry can be engineered to control cargo loading, targeting, degradation, and stimulus-responsive release. This review critically discusses the…

• Cancer
• Drug delivery
• MOFs
• Theragnostic
• Toxicity

141. Precision engineering of nanocarriers for transport across complex biological barriers

Acharya R, Komedchikova E, Choi Y, Yang J, Kim J, Son J, Et Al.

Biological barriers are essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis and protecting organs from harmful external agents; however, they also represent major obstacles to the efficient delivery of therapeutic agents. The blood-brain barrier, ocular barriers, mucosal barriers, and vascular endothelial barriers exhibit…

• Biological barriers
• Blood–brain barrier
• Clinical translation
• Drug delivery systems
• Nanocarriers
• Receptor-mediated transcytosis

142. The evolving landscape of hybrid viral vector architectures: a persisting niche

Kochergin-Nikitsky K, Smirnikhina S

The development of hybrid viral vectors was historically driven by the need to overcome inherent limitations of individual viral platforms, including restricted payload capacity, narrow tropism, and limited control over genomic persistence. By integrating functional modules from diverse viral and non-viral systems…

• chimeric vectors
• episomal persistence
• gene delivery platforms
• hybrid viral vectors
• packaging capacity
• site-specific integration
• tropism modulation

143. Microenvironment-guided design of non-viral gene delivery systems: from biological cues to therapeutic translation

Mohammad Gholinia Sarpoli L, Hamblin Mr, Ebrahimifard M

Non-viral gene delivery systems offer adaptable alternatives to viral vectors for gene therapy. Nevertheless, their clinical translation remains limited by biological barriers and the pathological tissue microenvironment. Tumors exhibit alterations in the tissue microenvironment, including extracellular acidosis…

• non-viral gene delivery
• nucleic acid delivery
• pH-responsive systems
• redox-responsive systems
• stimuli-responsive nanocarriers
• tumor microenvironment

144. Transcription activator-like effector base editing delivered by a targeted lipid nanoparticle for therapy of lung cancer

Chen Y, Li P, Xie Y, Wujieti B, Cui W, Zhang H, Et Al.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Among them, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all cases, while the mutation of KRAS oncogene plays a crucial role in its formation and metastasis. Here, we report a transcription activator-like effector (TALE) base…

• Gene editing
• KRAS oncogene
• NSCLC
• TALE base editor
• Targeted LNP